What is a common postoperative respiratory complication?

Atelectasis is recognized as a common postoperative respiratory complication. It occurs when a portion of the lung collapses or does not fully expand, leading to decreased lung volume and impaired gas exchange. This is frequently seen after surgery, especially in patients who have undergone procedures that require general anesthesia, as the effects of anesthesia can reduce respiratory function.

Factors contributing to the development of atelectasis include the effects of lying supine, shallow breathing, and the use of pulmonary secretions that can obstruct airway passages. Encouraging deep breathing exercises, mobilization, and incentive spirometry in the postoperative period are essential strategies to minimize this risk and promote lung re-expansion.

While pneumonia can also occur following surgery, it is more often a secondary infection, rather than the primary respiratory complication expected directly postoperatively. Emphysema and asthma are chronic conditions that typically do not qualify as direct postoperative complications but rather as underlying issues that may influence a patient's overall respiratory status.